Metals

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Silver is a precious metal valued for it’s white moon-like glow. It’s highly lustrous, versatile and can be polished to bright mirror finish. The whitest of all the metals, silver has been used by primitive man and has gone by many names. “Pale” by the ancient Hebrews. To the ancient Romans it was “Argentum”. But my personal favourite is “tears of the moon” named by native North Americans.

Copper or gold are often mistaken as the most conductive metals – but it’s actually silver. It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, so it can be found in electronics and it’s used in many other industries. Silver is a very versatile metal and it’s often used as an alloy. 22k gold is 91.7% gold and 8.3% silver and sometimes other metals.

I found this excerpt about the origins of silver and how it’s created, which I think is absolutely amazing.

“Silver is produced from lighter elements in the Universe through the r-process, a form of nuclear fusion believed to take place during certain types of supernova explosions.*”

Medicinal uses of Silver
Silver has antibacterial properties and was used for medicinal purposes before the discovery of antibiotic drugs (such as Penicillin). Medical devices were coated in silver to make them resistant to bacteria. Silver coins used to be placed in barrels of water and wine to act as a disinfectant, and in ancient Persia water was boiled in silver flagons to make it potable. Before refrigeration was invented pioneers in the U.S. would place a silver dollar into a container of milk to keep it fresh. Antiseptics preparations and dressings contained silver compounds, and topical creams used colloidal silver. It was used in one form or another to treat infectious wounds, burns, ulcers, and in some cases even taken internally to treat the common cold.

Silver has resurfaced recently as an alternative medicine and homeopathic remedy for numerous issues. Modern silver containing foam is being tested and has shown to reduce wound size and odour. Colloidal silver has been revived as being an essential mineral supplement and treatment for illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, herpes, tuberculosis, and others. But none have been proven to be effective. Compounds containing Silver Sulfadiazine have been used successfully as a germicide and disinfectant.

The use of silver in clothing and in fabric for items such as socks, shoes and active-wear is an effective way to control odours, since it inhibits the growth of fungus and bacteria.

Silver in History
There has been evidence found at stone age sites showing that prehistoric man was starting to learn metallurgy. Remains have been found in ashes and around ancient fire pits. Silver has been used for numerous things across the ages but most commonly as currency, utensils, art, and for ornamentation since the bronze age, around 4000 BC. In ancient Egypt and Medieval Europe was silver has highly priced and worth more than gold. While it became coined and used as money as early as 700BC, both the Chinese and Roman empires used silver primarily as currency even before then.

Silver jewellery throughout history is deeply steeped in mystery, magic and myth. Most silver jewellery today is actually a sterling silver alloy made with copper to increase it’s durability and scratch resistance.

10 strange facts about silver

  1. Experiments have been done using silver iodide. Scientists are seeding clouds with it in attempts to produce rain.
  2. Silver is more reflective than gold.
  3. The bearings used in jet engines are made of silver, apparently they provide superior performance.
  4. Silver nearly reflects all visible light, which is why high-end mirrors are coated with it. Cheaper mirrors are backed with aluminum.
  5. Since silver has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties, paper is being infused with it and used in the medical community.
  6. Long life batteries used in quartz watches and digital cameras use silver oxide-zinc batteries.
  7. About fourteen languages use the same words for ‘money’ and ‘silver’.
  8. Silver used to be used by dentists to fill cavities.
  9. Silver is harder than gold, but silver has a lower melting point.
  10. While it’s not advised to eat silver it’s been used to decorate baked goods, and in Europe it’s found in some food colouring.

* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver

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The earrings above are made with 14k gold-fill wire. Each link is make from a small section of wire that is twisted using tools and then attached together to create a unique mesh. Gold-plated and Vermeil components can’t be manipulated with tools or the gold plating will flake off of the core.

I’ve been asked what gold-fill is many times, so I’d like to touch on some facts and maybe even dispel some myths, about what it really is. Gold-filled started being used in the 1930’s to offer an economical alternative to solid gold. Right now the price of gold is high and gold-filled jewellery is back in full force. It’s made of real gold and has the beauty, warmth and lustre of solid gold without the high price.

Pure gold
24 karat gold is too soft to make most jewellery with so it’s alloyed (metals blended together), to make it harder, more durable and scratch resistant. Copper, zinc, silver and palladium are used in differing amounts to create yellow, rose and white gold. The common alloy combinations are 10k, 14k, 18k and 22k gold. I’ll be writing about solid gold later on – stay tuned!

This is my simplified diagram of what gold-filled wire is. In real gold-fill wire there is no difference in colour between the core and the outer gold layer.

How it’s made
I don’t want to be a bore so I’ll keep it quick and simple. Gold-fill jewellery is 10k, 12k, 14k or 18k gold outside with the inside core being made of quality jeweller’s brass. Gold-filled wire starts out as a tube in any number of different diameters, mostly from 28 gauge to 12 gauge (or 0.3mm to 2mm). This tube is then filled with jeweller’s brass or sometimes the alloy used to cut 24k gold. Heat and pressure are used to bond the outer layer of gold to the brass inside. Gold-fill sheets have an inner sheet of brass which has the gold bonded in the same way on the top and bottom.

Seal of approval
Not to get too technical but gold-fill is standardized and regulated by the government, you can’t just call any gold product gold-fill. Gold-fill pieces are 50 to 100,000 times thicker than gold-plated jewellery. Manufactured or factory made gold-filled jewellery should be stamped with one of the following: 1/20 14kt GF, 1/20 12kt GF or 1/10 10kt GF. 1/20 means that the item has at least 1/20 in fine gold of the total weight. Artisan and handcrafted gold-filled jewellery generally isn’t stamped by the maker since it isn’t factory made, but the metal used is acquired from a smelter or trusted supplier.

Durability and longevity
Gold-filled jewellery can last 30 years or more, with normal use the gold should never chip off. Many early 20th century pieces made of gold-fill are still just as gorgeous now as they were when they were made. Gold-plated jewellery by comparison can last from 3 to 7 years of regular wear.

Other gold products
Gold-plated and vermeil components and jewellery aren’t standardized by the government. Gold-plated jewellery is made using the electroplating process. The item is placed in a metallic chemical bath and an electrical current is used to deposit a film of fine gold metal onto the item. The thickness of the gold-plating varies a lot. Vermeil (pronounced vur-may) is sterling silver plated with gold. It’s made by electrolysis, the gold is around 1/10000ths of an inch in thickness. You can often see the difference between gold-fill, gold-plated and vermeil. Vermeil and other gold-plated jewellery are warmer or yellower in colour than gold-fill.

Keepsakes and heirlooms in GF
Durability, affordability and the beauty of gold makes gold-filled jewellery great for those who love the look and feel of solid gold. Gold-fill jewellery is as important and valuable today as it was in the 1930’s. Like all jewellery, if you take care of your gold-fill pieces they will make wonderful heirlooms to pass along to family and friends.

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